General Computer Hardware and Software Guidelines

Before going into the specifics of assistive technologies, here are some general guidelines for selecting computers for kids on the spectrum.  According to Temple Grandin, some kids are sensitive to the flicker of traditional screens and do much better with lap-tops because the flat panel displays don't flicker.  If this isn't an issue, durability may be and some computers are more sturdy.   Also, some kids are sensitive to high-pitched noises - if this is an issue then the computer shouldn't make any such noises.  Some kids can't focus is there is too much going on with a program - blinking lights, a repetitive animation can be problematic.  Also some kids will play on certain parts of a software program over and over ("stimming" instead of learning) or purposefully give the wrong answer to receive a negative message they like.  If you want to help a child learn, you want to carefully pick the software that is at their level of ability but also provides a challenge to stimulate new growth. If you take a child's needs and predilections into consideration, then a computer can become a valuable tool in helping the child move ahead.  

(As an aside, Temple Grandin warns not to let kids use too much in the way of action games like Playstation or Xbox, as bright kids may become so obsessed with things like this, they may do this for hours instead of learning skills that could lead to a future career, such as software that teaches kids how to become computer programmers.  She feels these are best used as a reward in moderation.)

Trackballs

A trackball can be used in place of a mouse and uses a rolling stationary ball to move the cursor instead of having to moving a mouse across a mouse pad.  This allows children to more accurately position the cursor and the left and right mouse buttons are generally easier to use on a trackball.  

Switches

Switch and Switch Interface Box

Switches are often a big button that the child presses to interact with the computer.  One or more switches connect to the computer through a switch interface box.  The switch interface box then connects to the computer through a USB port.   A switch can typically be set  to act as a left mouse button, right mouse button, double click, space bar, arrow keys, and/or to move the cursor. 

Touch Screens

The most economical touch screen adaptation is a touch screen overlay that typically clips and/or attaches with velcro to an existing monitor on a desktop or notebook computer.  The touch screen connects to the computer through USB port.  It typically comes with a software driver that must be installed to control the touch screen.  Once, installed, for example, a button displayed on the screen would be activated by simply touching it. Monitors with a built-in touch screen are also available.

Which software is compatible with trackballs, switches and touch screens?

Generally the software manufacturer will state whether their software is compatible with switches or touch screens.  Software that is switch compatible is typically controlled by a mouse and basic movement keys on the keyboard (arrow keys).   A program that is touch screen or trackball compatible would be able to be completely controlled by a mouse. Trackballs, switches and touch screens allow you  to select an object on the screen as you would with a left mouse button and then drag it.

Links

There are many assistive technology options available, beyond those mentioned above.  For example, there are hardware devices that can provide access to computers for those with hearing and vision impairment, and sensor switches that detect motion and control the computer through body, head or eye movement.  For more comprehensive information on assistive technology, we recommend the following links:

www.closingthegap.com - provides comprehensive listings of assisitive technology vendors and holds a huge annual conference in Minnesota.

www.cio.noaa.gov/hpcc/access/vendors.htm - provides government information and a list of assistive technology vendors.

http://groups.msn.com/AdaptiveandAssistiveTechnology - a Microsoft group that includes a listing of assistive technology vendors.